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Benton County, Washington

Coordinates: 46°15′N 119°30′W / 46.25°N 119.50°W / 46.25; -119.50
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Benton County
County
Benton County Courthouse
Benton County Courthouse
Official seal of Benton County
Seal
Map of Washington highlighting Benton County
Location within the U.S. state of Washington
Map of the United States highlighting Washington
Washington's location within the U.S.
Coordinates: 46°15′N 119°30′W / 46.25°N 119.5°W / 46.25; -119.5
Country United States
State Washington
FoundedMarch 8, 1905
Named forThomas Hart Benton
SeatProsser
Largest cityKennewick
Area
 • Total
1,760 sq mi (4,600 km2)
 • Land1,700 sq mi (4,000 km2)
 • Water60 sq mi (200 km2)  3.4%
Population
 (2020)
 • Total
206,873
 • Estimate 
(2023)
215,219 Increase
 • Density110/sq mi (40/km2)
Time zoneUTC−8 (Pacific)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−7 (PDT)
Congressional district4th
Websitebentoncountywa.gov
Benton County, Washington

Benton County is a county in the south-central portion of the U.S. state of Washington. As of the 2020 census, its population was 206,873.[1] The county seat is Prosser,[2] and its most populous city is Kennewick. The Columbia River demarcates the county's north, south, and east boundaries.

Benton County was created from what were then larger versions of Klickitat County and Yakima County on March 8, 1905,[3] and was named after Missouri statesman Thomas Hart Benton.

Geography

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According to the United States Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 1,760 square miles (4,600 km2), of which 1,700 square miles (4,400 km2) is land and 60 square miles (160 km2) (3.4%) is water.[4] The highest point of land elevation within the county is the summit of Rattlesnake Mountain at 3,527 feet; and the lowest point of land elevation is along the southwestern shore of Crow Butte at 265 feet (fluctuates due to level of Columbia River).

Waterways

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  • Columbia River - Surrounds and forms the county's boundary on three sides. Barge trafficking is possible upriver to anchorage sites in northern Richland, the upstream extent of Lake Wallula which forms behind McNary Dam.
  • Yakima River - Bisects the county from west to east, emptying into the Columbia River at Richland. As a water source, the Yakima is the lifesource for agriculture in the Yakima Valley. A shallow river, the Yakima is suitably navigable only for small, personal watercraft. Historically, the Yakima River supported some of the most bountiful migratory fish populations in the entire Columbia Basin, and many of those legendary salmon runs are now rebounding after decades of demise. Amon Creek is the most notable tributary of the Yakima River in Benton County, emptying into the mainstem river near the Yakima River Delta in Richland.

Mountains and ridges

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Adjacent counties

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National Protected Areas

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Major highways

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Demographics

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Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
19107,937—
192010,90337.4%
193010,9520.4%
194012,05310.1%
195051,370326.2%
196062,07020.8%
197067,5408.8%
1980109,44462.0%
1990112,5602.8%
2000142,47526.6%
2010175,17723.0%
2020206,87318.1%
2023 (est.)215,219[5]4.0%
U.S. Decennial Census[6]
1790–1960[7] 1900–1990[8]
1990–2000[9] 2010–2020[1]

2010 census

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As of the 2010 census, there were 175,177 people, 65,304 households, and 45,699 families residing in the county.[10] The population density was 103.0 inhabitants per square mile (39.8/km2). There were 68,618 housing units at an average density of 40.4 per square mile (15.6/km2).[11] The racial makeup of the county was 82.4% white, 2.7% Asian, 1.3% black or African American, 0.9% American Indian, 0.1% Pacific islander, 9.0% from other races, and 3.6% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 18.7% of the population.[10] In terms of ancestry, 22.3% were German, 13.4% were English, 12.5% were Irish, and 7.9% were American.[12]

Of the 65,304 households, 36.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.8% were married couples living together, 11.1% had a female householder with no husband present, 30.0% were non-families, and 24.3% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.66 and the average family size was 3.17. The median age was 35.6 years.[10]

The median income for a household in the county was $57,354 and the median income for a family was $69,834. Males had a median income of $57,496 versus $36,575 for females. The per capita income for the county was $27,161. About 9.3% of families and 12.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 19.3% of those under age 18 and 6.1% of those age 65 or over.[13]

2000 census

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As of the 2000 census, there were 142,475 people, 52,866 households, and 38,063 families residing in the county. The population density was 84 people per square mile (32 people/km2). There were 55,963 housing units at an average density of 33 per square mile (13/km2). The racial makeup of the county was 86.2% White, 0.9% Black or African American, 0.8% Native American, 2.2% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 7.0% from other races, and 2.7% from two or more races. 12.5% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 18.1% were of German, 11.0% English, 9.1% United States or American and 8.4% Irish ancestry. 86.4% spoke English and 10.3% Spanish as their first language.

There were 52,866 households, out of which 38.20% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.60% were married couples living together, 10.20% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.00% were non-families. 23.20% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.70% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.68 and the average family size was 3.17.

In the county, the population was spread out, with 29.70% under the age of 18, 8.60% from 18 to 24, 28.50% from 25 to 44, 22.90% from 45 to 64, and 10.30% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females there were 98.70 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.30 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $47,044, and the median income for a family was $54,146. Males had a median income of $45,556 versus $27,232 for females. The per capita income for the county was $21,301. About 7.80% of families and 10.30% of the population were below the poverty line, including 14.30% of those under age 18 and 6.90% of those age 65 or over.

Government

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Benton County is one of the 33 counties in Washington that operates under the non-chartered "commission" or "plural executive" form of government. Three commissioners share administrative aegis with several other partisan officials independently elected to four-year terms of office. Judges of the superior court are also independently elected. In Benton County, the commissioners appoint a county administrator to oversee all departments that do not fall under other elected officials.

  • Commissioner (District 1) - Jerome Delvin
  • Commissioner (District 2) - Michael Alvarez
  • Commissioner (District 3) - Will McKay

The County government is seated in Prosser, with many departments having satellite and auxiliary offices and facilities in Richland, Kennewick, and elsewhere.[citation needed] An attempt to move the county seat from Prosser to Kennewick resulted in a November 1984 ballot measure, which had 54.4 percent approval but failed to meet the required 60 percent threshold.[14]

There are five incorporated cities within Benton County. The two larger cities—Kennewick and Richland—employ the "council-manager" form of government where the mayor is elected from the city council and serves a more ceremonial role, whereby direct administration of the city is the responsibility of the city manager. The three smaller cities—Benton City, Prosser, and West Richland—use the "mayor-council" form of government where the mayor is the chief administrator of the city and is directly elected by the citizens. In Washington, a majority of cities use the mayor-council form, but the council-manager structure is common among medium-sized municipalities.

Numerous special purpose districts with varying degrees of taxing and administrative authority such as port authorities and school districts oversee local responsibilities that are not a part of county or city governance.

Politics

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United States presidential election results for Benton County, Washington[15]
Year Republican Democratic Third party(ies)
No.  % No.  % No.  %
2024 59,555 59.15% 37,662 37.40% 3,476 3.45%
2020 60,365 58.59% 38,706 37.57% 3,962 3.85%
2016 47,194 56.46% 26,360 31.53% 10,038 12.01%
2012 49,461 61.66% 28,145 35.09% 2,611 3.25%
2008 45,345 61.83% 26,288 35.84% 1,708 2.33%
2004 44,350 66.30% 21,549 32.21% 993 1.48%
2000 38,367 64.18% 19,512 32.64% 1,900 3.18%
1996 26,664 49.56% 20,783 38.63% 6,356 11.81%
1992 22,883 43.50% 16,459 31.29% 13,260 25.21%
1988 28,688 65.18% 14,817 33.66% 511 1.16%
1984 32,307 69.28% 13,784 29.56% 540 1.16%
1980 28,728 64.68% 11,561 26.03% 4,124 9.29%
1976 22,135 63.95% 11,306 32.67% 1,170 3.38%
1972 18,517 61.02% 9,824 32.37% 2,005 6.61%
1968 14,659 51.29% 10,878 38.06% 3,042 10.64%
1964 11,708 41.27% 16,650 58.68% 14 0.05%
1960 13,797 52.37% 12,518 47.52% 29 0.11%
1956 13,807 53.99% 11,760 45.99% 4 0.02%
1952 13,412 57.40% 9,889 42.33% 63 0.27%
1948 5,852 40.45% 8,458 58.46% 157 1.09%
1944 3,905 47.79% 4,233 51.80% 34 0.42%
1940 2,670 51.96% 2,414 46.97% 55 1.07%
1936 1,610 35.56% 2,402 53.06% 515 11.38%
1932 1,694 36.85% 2,633 57.28% 270 5.87%
1928 2,650 69.94% 1,080 28.50% 59 1.56%
1924 1,812 45.33% 437 10.93% 1,748 43.73%
1920 2,001 52.01% 975 25.34% 871 22.64%
1916 1,460 45.43% 1,351 42.03% 403 12.54%
1912 728 19.11% 1,238 32.50% 1,843 48.39%
1908 891 57.74% 465 30.14% 187 12.12%

Education

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Benton County is serviced by six public school districts and a few smaller private schools.

Public education

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Delta High School, located in Pasco, is a public high school specializing in the "STEM" fields of study (science, technology, engineering, mathematics). Delta High School is a collaborative venture of the Kennewick, Pasco, and Richland school districts, and is located in neighboring Franklin County, Washington. Prosser High School is located much closer to the county seat of Benton County.

Higher education

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Two public college branch campuses are located in Benton County, each in Richland:

Recreation

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The Tri-City area's favorable climate, generally lower costs of living, and central location within a four-hour drive of the Seattle, Portland, Boise, and Spokane metropolitan areas has made it a popular destination for conferences, sports tournaments, festivals, agri-tourism, and other attractions.

Golf courses

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Benton County is home to seven publicly accessible golf courses:

  • Canyon Lakes (Kennewick) – 7,026 yards | 73.8 / 131
  • Columbia Park (Kennewick) – 2,447 yards | note: "par 3"
  • Zintel Creek Golf Club (Kennewick) – 4,900 yards | 63.9 / 115 | note: semi-private
  • Buckskin (Richland) - note: 9 holes
  • Columbia Point (Richland) – 6,571 yards | 71.2 / 128 | note: municipal
  • Horn Rapids (Richland) – 7,060 yards | 74.0 / 139
  • West Richland (West Richland) – 6,014 yards

A private golf and country club, Meadow Springs, is also located in Richland.

Museums

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  • Benton County Historical Museum
  • East Benton County Historical Museum
  • Hanford Reach Interpretive Center

Sports

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The Tri-City Americans are a major junior hockey team and are a founding member of the Western Hockey League and play at the Toyota Center. The Americans began as the Calgary Buffaloes in 1966, and after stints in Billings, Nanaimo, and New Westminster, moved to the Tri-Cities for the 1988–89 season where they were rebranded as the "Americans". Players are 16–20 years old and are generally considered to have amateur status, though they do receive nominal compensation and the organization is operated as a for-profit business.

Public lands

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Exterior of the Hanford B Reactor, 2018

Like many Western counties, Benton County is home to considerable public lands acreage totaling about one-third of the county's total land area. The most significant holding is the United States Department of Energy's Hanford Site, most of which has restricted public access. However, Hanford does have a strong "nuclear tourism" element and certain Site facilities, such as the B Reactor, are a major attraction for history and engineering buffs. Part of the Hanford Site acreage is also part of the Hanford Reach National Monument, which was established in 2000 by presidential proclamation. Like with most of the rest of Hanford, most of the National Monument within Benton County is restricted from general public use.[16][page needed]

Other federal land holdings in the county include small clusters of Bureau of Land Management, notably an aggregation along the Horse Heaven Hills south of Benton City that is popular with hikers; Fish and Wildlife Service-owned islands and shorelands that are parts of the Umatilla and McNary National Wildlife Refugues; and Army Corps of Engineers properties along the Columbia River, most of which are managed for habitat and recreation by the County and cities.

State-owned public lands are minimal[clarification needed] in Benton County, with the Department of Fish and Wildlife's Rattlesnake Slope Wildlife Recreation Area north of Benton City being the most significant and a draw for hikers and equestrians.

Benton County and the cities also own numerous parklands and open spaces, most notable the Badger Mountain Centennial Preserve, a hiking destination managed by the County located south of Richland which draws over 200,000 visits per year.

Viticulture

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Kiona Vineyard in the Red Mountain AVA looking northwest toward Rattlesnake Mountain. Two varieties of grapes are evident on a crisp autumn day.

The area of south-central Washington occupied by Benton County has been known primarily as an agricultural hub since its settlement. The rise of viticulture has had a profound impact on the agricultural and tourism industries over the past two decades, and has in many ways reshaped the reputation of the region.

The Yakima Valley AVA, part of which is located in Benton County, was the first American Viticultural Area established within Washington state, gaining the recognition in 1983. As the Washington wine industry began to focus more on terroir, three sub-appellations have been created for areas within the Yakima Valley AVA that demonstrate unique microclimates and soil conditions which crafted different wines from their neighboring areas. The Red Mountain AVA, which lies in its entirety on Benton County, was created in 2001. The county also includes part of the Horse Heaven Hills AVA which is part of the larger Columbia Valley AVA.

Sites of interest

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Communities

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Cities

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Census-designated place

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Other unincorporated communities

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Ghost towns

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See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b "State & County QuickFacts". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved November 10, 2024.
  2. ^ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Archived from the original on May 31, 2011. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
  3. ^ "2010 Census Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. August 22, 2012. Retrieved July 4, 2015.
  4. ^ "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Counties: April 1, 2020 to July 1, 2023". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved November 10, 2024.
  5. ^ "U.S. Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 7, 2014.
  6. ^ "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library. Archived from the original on August 11, 2012. Retrieved January 7, 2014.
  7. ^ "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 7, 2014.
  8. ^ "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 26, 2015. Retrieved January 7, 2014.
  9. ^ a b c "DP-1 Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 Demographic Profile Data". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved March 1, 2016.
  10. ^ "Population, Housing Units, Area, and Density: 2010 - County". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved March 1, 2016.
  11. ^ "DP02 SELECTED SOCIAL CHARACTERISTICS IN THE UNITED STATES – 2006-2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved March 1, 2016.
  12. ^ "DP03 SELECTED ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS – 2006-2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved March 1, 2016.
  13. ^ Angel, Jim (December 30, 1984). "Benton fight eclipses No. 2". Tri-City Herald. p. B1.
  14. ^ Leip, David. "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections". uselectionatlas.org. Retrieved April 5, 2018.
  15. ^ "Final Hanford Site Solid (Radioactive and Hazardous) Waste Program Environmental Impact Statement, Volume I - Section 4.0 Affected Environment" (PDF). Nuclear Regulatory Commission.

Further reading

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  • William Denison Lyman, History of the Yakima Valley, Washington: Comprising Yakima, Kittitas, and Benton Counties. In Two Volumes. Chicago: S.J. Clarke Publishing Co., 1919. Volume 1 | Volume 2
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46°15′N 119°30′W / 46.25°N 119.50°W / 46.25; -119.50

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